The subsaharan african region accounts for about 84% and the remaining countries account for 14% of cowpea production. View cowpea production research papers on academia. The largest production is in the moist and dry savannas of subsaharan africa ssa, where it is intensively grown as an intercrop with other cereal crops like millet, sorghum and maize as well as. In south africa, with advanced food technology compared to west. Cowpea lobia both summer and rainy season crop grown for green pods, dry seeds and fodder seeds rich in protein 2328% called as vegetable meat when cultivated for dry seeds, it is called as black eye pea kaffir pea southern pea green pods are called catjang bean asparagus bean. Yield information is available on the varieties released from these programs.
Our sincere thanks go to the followlng scientists who have con. Saharan africa, where it originated, and also of importance in asia and certain parts of the americas. Saharan africa, that is resilient to hot and drought. Areas, where rainfall is more than average is not suitable for cowpea farming. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets 3 1. Mar 18, 2015 initial stages of growth, one weeding more than enough to control the weed in cowpea farming. May 22, 2012 from 2008 to 2010, iita and its partners disseminated hermetic triplelayer bags for storage in more than,500 villages in the cowpeaproducing areas of nigeria, cameroon, togo, and banin. Cowpea can also be used for the production of high quality hay or silage, when mixed with crops such as corn or sorghum, or it can be used for rotational grazing. Since experiments have proved pollen flow between wild and domesticated cowpea at over 30 m distances fatokun and ng 2007, we checked if domesticated cowpea was grown within 30 m of the collecting sites for wild cowpea. Scaling out cowpea production in northern ghana, community. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets 7 functioning biosafety regime, multilocation trials were conducted in zaria, minijibir and bajura during 2014, to generate data in order to support an application for general release. Freeman, and qingren wang botany and planting cluster bean guar cyamopsis tetragonolobus edamame gylcine max fenugreek methi trigonella foenumgracum hyacinth bean, lablab bean lablab purpureus lima bean phaseolus lunatus.
Project description there are more than 10 million smallholder cowpea farmers in five west. Soil well drained soil with rich organic matter content and warm humid climate is best suited for the cultivation of vegetable cowpea. Pull out and destroy the plants exhibiting severe symptoms of mosaic in the early stages of growth. Assessment of the genetic diversity in cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Directorate plant production, division indigenous crops.
Cowpea thrives very well in warm seasons, not in cold and winter seasons. Over 250,000 genespace sequence reads gsrs with an average length of 610 bp were generated, yielding. Studies were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at fayetteville and kibler, arkansas to assess new herbicide programs for cowpea production. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed. Pdf downloads current agriculture research journal. Average cowpea production up 43% in selected west african countries. Total production of cowpeas for dry seed harvest in the u.
The small group meeting report on cowpea production and utilization aatf headquarters, ilri nairobi, kenya july 10 11, 2003. In south africa, with advanced food technology compared. Genome sequencing and analysis of the hypomethylated portion of the cowpea genome selectively cloned by methylation filtration mf technology were carried out by timko et al. Seed production and training manual by lambert delimini fao 12052012. Cowpea farming, planting, care, harveting, yield agri farming. In soils low in phosphorus, the roots of cowpea develop effective mycorrhizal associations, improving the soils available p content. Post harvest technology dry cowpea seed cleaned graded fumigated packed in small plastic bags for sale to consumers moisture content reduced up to 89% safe storage 27.
Spray naa 40 ppm 40 mg in 1 litre to reduce the flower drop. Challenge of supply chain development for cowpea technology in africa. The production guide is meant to provide field based agricultural extension personnel and farmers with quick reference material to guide them in the promotion of cowpea production. Food technology the seeds have a relatively high protein content and it has been suggested that this could be extracted to prepare protein concentrates for the food manufacturing, textile and paper industries. Some varieties of cowpea are used specifically for wildlife purposes ball et al.
Pinch the tendrils off for promotion of flower production. Afghanistan water, agriculture, and technology transfer. Studies have shown that we remember only 20% of the information we. Cbc2 cowpea variety seeds soil type any type of soil can be used, but best yields are obtained in welldrained sandy loam to clay loam soils with a ph of 6. Potentials and constraints cowpea for food and poverty. Improving soybean production on your farm requires a systematic approach. The report also showed that cowpea production in nigeria accounted for 58 % of the total worlds output. Assessment of new herbicide programs for cowpea production volume 32 issue 3 christopher e. United states production of dry cowpea has declined from 34 million acres to a few thousand over the same period. Evaluation of eight varieties of cowpea vigna unguiculata l.
Cowpea vigna unguiculata seed production africa soil health. Cowpea is a quick growing leguminous forage crop usually grown mixed with cereal fodders and grasses to improve the nutritive value of the herbage. African scientific institute, usa president, anglican university college of technology, accra, ghana. Cowpea postharvest operations in developing countries. It is important to know the right time to harvest the first pick of cowpea pods. A variety of birds, including wild turkey, eat the seeds and the plant can be used by quail as cover. Keynote plenary sessions situating the grain legume agenda in african. Cultivation practices of cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp and. Cowpea is grown in kano, bauchi, katsina, borno in the north, oyo in the west, and to the lesser extent in enugu in the east.
Evaluation and utilization of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. This technology effectively tested since 2007 in 200 villages in burkina faso in the purdue improved cowpea storage pics project has since been extended to the whole country and especially in areas of high cowpea production. In this regard, cowpea might end up africas counterpart of asias soybeanone of the worlds top crops. In ghana, cowpea is one of the widely cultivated legumes, mainly in the savanna and transitional zones cri, 2006.
Cowpea is eaten by deer as forage, and is commonly used in food plots for deer. Outside africa, the major production areas are asia, central america, and south america. Supply chain key for most improved cowpea technology little gain to teach farmers about a. Cowpea is a popular leguminous crop in africa which is known as beans in nigeria and niebe in the francophone countries. In the case of rice, the emphasis has been on the nerica series, developed by warda. Varieties co 2, vbn 2, pusa komal, pkm 1 and arka garima are commonly cultivated. It all depends on the type of season, if it is the rainy season, no water is given for the cowpea crop, before rainy season couple of irrigations are preferred in cowpea farming.
This project addresses one of the most important constraints to cowpea production which is grain damage in storage. The political economy of cowpea in nigeria, burkina faso, ghana and malawi. Assessment of the genetic diversity in cowpea vigna. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Production guidelines for cowpea department of agriculture. The set is designed to encourage group discusson as well as provide information on production techniques of malakwang. Cowpea seed is a nutritious component in the human diet, as well as a nutritious livestock feed. Introduction cowpea is one of the most ancient crops known to man. Cowpea vigna unguiculata is often referred to as the poor mans meat as it is a significant source of protein, minerals, and vitamins 1 for the. As with many other grain crops grown in the semiarid tropics, the cowpea post production system in developing countries is an important constraint. There are cowpea breeding programs throughout the primary production areas, which include arkansas, california, texas and southeastern states. It is intended to be a reference for rural zones of west and central africa and east asia where cowpea is widely grown. That notwithstanding, based on information available from food and agricultural organization fao, it was estimated that more than 3,3 tons of cowpeas were produced worldwide in 2000 from at least 12,5 million ha. Cowpea can be grown under partial shade conditions.
The effect of extrusion conditions on the physicochemical. In africa, cowpea production appears generally profitable, but return. Over many decades, policies for agriculture, trade, research and development, education, training and advice have been strong influences on the choice of technology, the level of agricultural production. We know that people learn better if they are actively engaged in the learning process. Five cowpea production constraint areas were identified i seed production access ii field production iii storageutilization iv marketing, and v. Pest and diseases diseases collar rot pythium aphanidermatum rhizoctonia sp. Fatokun ca, tarawali sa, singh bb, kormawa pm, tamo m eds challenges and opportunities for enhancing sustainable cowpea production. Cowpea processing and products dry beans and pulses. Afghanistan water, agriculture and technology transfer awatt forage program 6 forage cowpea seeds produced at mailbadam bagh agricultural research station in 2010 oushy, 2010. The cowpea is indigenous to africa which is consumed in various forms in. Walp is considered the most important food grain legume in the dry savannas of tropical africa where it is grown on more than 12. For maximum production day temperature 27 oc and night temperature 22 oc required. In uganda total production deteriorated sharply after 1975.
Cowpea lobia both summer and rainy season crop grown for green pods, dry seeds and fodder seeds rich in protein 2328% called as vegetable meat when cultivated for dry seeds, it is called as black eye pea kaffir pea southern pea green pods are called catjang bean asparagus bean yard long bean. Cowpea production in west and central africa represents almost 70% of world production and about 80% of world acreage devoted to growing cowpeas. The small group meeting report on cowpea production and. The demand for cowpeas is increasing in ghana because of high population growth, mainly in urban areas. Carsky rj, vanlauwe b, lyasse o 2002 cowpea rotation as a resource management technology for cerealbased systems in the savannas of west africa. Cowpea vigna unguiculata seed production module training set facilitators guide this guide will help you use the cowpea seed production module training set. Gm and seed industry eye africas lucrative cowpea seed markets. A simple technology for preparing cowpea flour would stimulate increased consumption of this legume. The mean observed value of protein for the fura extrudates ranged from 11.
Pusa phalguni, which is best for sowing as a summer crop, pusa barsati is best for rainy season crop, pusa dofasli is best for summer as well as the rainy season the climatic condition required for cowpea production. Precision integrated pest management ipm for smallholder. Some abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect its productivity. Dec 04, 2012 introduction on the basis of area cultivated, cowpea is the most important food legume in ghana. Cowpea postharvest operations in developing countries preface the present work provides information related to cowpea crop and mostly on cowpea postharvest operation in developing countries. Horticulture vegetable science achf, nau major guide. Production costs for cowpea vary depending on the technology used in particular varieties, fertilizer. Production regions cowpea does best mainly in natural regions ii, iii, iv and v, but the crop can be grown. Impact of a cowpea research project in nigeria, using the rapid rural appraisal technique. Focus on research in postharvest storage of cowpea in. Conference presentations joint world cowpea and pan. The yields of the crop in ghana, however, are among the lowest in the world, averaging 310 kgha.
In subtropical zones temperatures are only suitable for cowpea in the summer, whereas temperatures are suitable yearround in tropical zones. The legume pod borer maruca vitrata is the main preharvest pest of the cowpea and the cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus the main postharvest pest. The importance of cowpea as a crop that cannot be dispensed with in the agriculture of the subsistence farmers in south sudan and the characteristics of cowpea plant type of roots, leaves, stem. The productivity of cowpea has not seen sustained growth over the last two decades because of various abiotic stress constraints. In the forest zone, cowpea may not be grown as the first crop on lands that have been in fallow for more than 10 years. Jul 06, 2017 systematics and production technology of cowpea. In tanzania, production declined in the early 1970s but in the late 1970s it showed considerable improvement in production.
The largest production is in the moist and dry savannas of subsaharan africa ssa, where it is intensively grown as an intercrop with other cereal crops like. Conference presentations below you will find download links to the different presentations delivered as keynote plenary, plenary, and topical oral sessions during the conference. It is designed to serve as a basic reference document for participants in ilas cowpea production training courses. Spray dap 2% at flower initiation and at peak flowering stage to promote pod setting. It is an excellent cover crop, which suppresses weeds and enriches the soil. Biopesticide production encyclopedia of life support. Cowpea seed is a nutntlous component m the human diet, and cheap hvestock feed, as well cowpea grown to matunty can be used as a feed, fodder or its pods. Wheat production technology for rainfed areas of punjab for 2014. It is sensitive to cold and below 15 oc temperature yield adversely. Idah sitholeniang will serve as liaison between ngica, cowpea scientists, and aatf and will prepare the technical report for the july 1011 sgm. Conditions for growing cowpea rainfall 250500 mm of well distributed rainfall during the growing season is adequate for cowpea production. Wheat has a large share of cultivated land in rabi season and hence large production is expected.
The vast majority of the worlds cowpea production over 95% takes place in subsaharan africa figure 5. Declaration i, emmanuel delali kwamla ofori, the author of this thesis titled economic analysis of cowpea preservation technologies with special focus on the hydrothermal treatment technology hereby declare that, this work was done entirely by me in the department of. Production guidelines for cowpeas agricultural research council. Cowpea cover crops have also been shown to suppress nematode in tomato production system by roberts et al. Make sure you account for the entire production system from seed selection to soil preparation, to planting and weed and pest control, all the way through harvesting all in one continuous loop of possible decisions you can make. An assignment on systematics of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Sowing a healthy future the first step in growing a productive crop is sowing quality seed. Cowpea production in zimbabwe zimbabwe super seeds. Brazil is the worlds secondleading producer of cowpea seed, accounting for 17% of annual cowpea production, although most is consumed within the country. The bulk of production occurs in the savannah regions of northern ghana, although cowpea can be grown in all ecological zones of ghana. This occurred frequently 70% in the northern part of the range which is also the main cowpea production area. It differs from variety to variety which are cultivated in the north eastern region. Oct 10, 2012 cowpea is one of the most important dry pulsestarchy legumes in sub.
Performance of three cowpea vigna unguiculata l walp. This study was conducted to determine the inputoutput relationship of cowpea production in kano, katsina, and jigawa states of nigeria. Today, the most effective and most promising technology is hermetic storage using triple bagging. Cowpea has a relatively small genome size estimated at 620 mbp. Initial funding for this ipm project spans three years, from july 2014 through june 2017. Assessment of new herbicide programs for cowpea production. Insect infestation is a major constraint to the production of cowpea, sometimes causing over 90% loss in yield. In particular, weevils postharvest pests can destroy a granary full of cowpea in two or three months. Cowpea production msu college of agriculture and natural. Biotechnology biopesticide production nasrine moazami the development of insecticide resistance in pest and vector population, the damage caused to nontarget organisms and the realization of other environmental hazards of chemical insecticides have led to an increasing interest in biological, including microbiological control methods. In burkina faso, multilocation trials are being conducted in farako ba and kamboinse. Gender participation and technology use in turmeric production system. Five cowpea production constraint areas were identified i seed production access ii field production iii storageutilization iv marketing, and v intellectual property. Wheat is the most important cereal crop in pakistan and staple food.
Cowpeas production by region in kenya based on 2007 data figure 10. The plenary and oral topical session presentations are arranged in alphabetical order. Cowpea farming, planting, care, harveting, yield agri. Postharvest storage of cowpea in subsaharan africa. According to the pod borer, resistant cowpea project by the african agricultural technology foundation aatf, cowpea vigna unguiculata l. Germplasm for varietal improvement of resistance to cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch. Worldwide cowpea production in 1981 was estimated at 2,7 million tons from 7,7 mil lion ha. Cowpeas are a common food item in the southern united states as well, where they are often called black. The blackeyed cowpea type is grown primarily in california and is marketed as california blackeyed peas. It is intended to be a reference for rural zones of west and central africa and east asia where cowpea is. Cowpea production is widely distributed throughout the tropics, however, central and west africa account for more than 64 % of the area with about 8 million ha, followed by about 2,4 million ha in central and south america, 1,3 million ha in asia and 0, 80 million ha in east and central. As postulated by ng 1995 that during the evolution process.
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